Prologue:
“Law is mind without reason” (Aristotle). What is law apart from a set of rules designed to give away certain standards for behavior? Law can be traced back to the beginnings of civilization, man understood that a life without rules is a life without order, and the aftermath of this could be crucial. For buccaneers, law was the primordial topic among their crew mates. Such importance was carried by the way of circumstances a man living in the sea saw himself in. for this reason, since the beginning of the 16th century pirates designed a set of laws or rules that will dictate every single aspect of their daily life, including those of special interest; this propaganda will be known in history as The Pirate Code. The relation between law and piracy may seem irrelevant to the public’s eye. How can logic be even considered when bandits sailed the seas terrorizing fleets committing the most abrupt crimes possible? How can the structure, in wish nations are born and governed be present in the life of the 16th century greatest criminals? To the surprise of many, The Pirate Code was not too different from European government. Both were ruled by a high post mandatory, they had branches that went from higher ranks to lower, penalties for those who disobeyed and even swore an oath of allegiance as modern military still do. This facts have such importance throughout history because of the vast contradiction of piracy being an organized crime as well as an organized government, how democracy can’t only be found in City Halls or kingdoms, but in a ship full of barbarians too. How these men, most of them having no other than a primary education, practiced a philosophy that can be traced back to the ancient Roman Empire. These remarkable men swore an oath of honor, a code of allegiance. They would live by The Code, fight by The Code, and die by The Code. Introduction: Since people have used the oceans as a trade measure, pirates have been present. Piracy can be traced back to the 13th century BC, where they threatened the Aegean and Mediterranean Sea. A pirate is someone who uses aggression and violence to rip off or steal from a victim. This type of vandalism reached a point of global menace. During the Napoleonic Wars pirates sailed from Great Britain to the coasts of the Caribbean Islands and part of the new found American territory. In this glory days it is reported pirates vandalized and robed more than five hundred ships , this era would be called The Golden Age of Piracy (1660-1720). As the Spanish Empire began to decline, England, France and the Dutch Netherlands became the colonial powerhouses by 1660. As England and France got into disputes over disagreements to the violation of the Treaty of Westphalia, the English government made a strategic move they will later regret. To invade France’s Naval Fleet, England will hire private sailors to attack French ships in the open sea, this men will be rewarded by the government after turning in the stolen cargo; they would be called as privateers. Most of these men were retired captains of the Royal Navy, or those active with vast experience in war fare. A crew will be assigned and trained by the expenses of the English government, further on placed under a captain and ship. Privateers made their way across the Atlantic and Caribbean, attacking only foreign ships. As the terms and conditions with the English government specified, no English ship would be attacked by privateers or any privateer ship. Eventually privateers grew angry to the fact that they were risking their lives to only obtain a small portion of their treasures. It didn’t pass too long before captains acknowledged their superiority among other ships, and how easy it was to get away without being caught. As privateers violated the terms and conditions referring to the captured vessels and treasures, even attacking English ships they became outlaws, or better put, they became pirates. Many sailors unconcerned to the privateer practice made their way into the pirate life running away from military service the government imposed, young men frequently volunteered every time a pirate ship reached port. Exposed by the media, pirates have been painted over the years as colorful romantic characters who’s adventures aboard a ship lead to marvelous storytelling. According to Dr. Samuel Johnson, “ No man will be a sailor who has contrivance enough to get himself into a jail; for being in a ship is being in jail with the chance of being drowned……A man in jail has more room, better food, and commonly better company.” (A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland) The reality of a sea man was grotesque. A sailor lived cramped sharing a deck with a hundred men or more, depending on the size of the vessel and members of the crew. He slept among rats and cockroaches, was exposed to diseases and other hazards. The work in a ship was also dangerous, a crew member risked his life on the frequent day working on high sails, with the possibility of being attacked at any time, and of course being shipwreck, wish presented another life threatening situation if the sailor did not know how to swim. Food also became a problem when it came to live in a ship for no less than three months, not to mention the scarcity of fresh water and the abuse of wine and rum. During the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, 100,000 British seamen died in cases varying from battle wounds, shipwreck and disease. It is clear why privateers decided to become pirates as they had little to lose and a lot of money to gain. By 1680 the piracy practice had become a culture of its own. Threatened by the numerous corsairs, England imposed piracy as a national threat. Missions were often embargoed by the Royal Navy to hunt down pirate ships but had little success. Pirates lived at sea most of the time and knew how to make their way without being spotted. Most of the times pirates would find shelter in the Caribbean, were numerous islands served as food inventory, storage to limit weight barriers as treasures were taken and their weight could imply a disadvantage in battle or a getaway situation, and of course they served as port and wood inventory to repair damaged ships. Although history confirms the practice of the “treasure burial”, it was almost inexistent in the pirate world. Most treasures were household items like soap or clothing they took from the attacked ships. Jewelry and pieces of gold or silver were given in equal shares, except from the captain and high ranked officers wish will be explained later on. Life at sea meant sacrifice, sweat and most of all courage. These brave men, in spite of the conditions they lived in where honored. They followed conduct like any refined cavalry, and they did it with discipline. Honor, courage, discipline are three values gravely lost throughout the years. It’s remarkable to learn how adversities threatening their lives each did not break apart a code so sacred and respected, that it’s violation led to harsh punishment, and in many cases, death.
Annotated Bibliography:
Pirate Code Of Conduct By: PublicWiki http://www.piratesinfo.com/cpi_Pirate_Code_of_Conduct_536.asp
Pirates were among the first to make use of a system of checks and balance similar to modern countries. The first act of the democracy was before the United States and France adopted such method of government and it occurred aboard a ship in the beginning of the Golden Age of Piracy. Both captain and quarter master were elected by vote among crew members, in return they appointed the remaining of the posts in the ship. The captain was often a fierce fighter in battles, someone who the crew looked up to and felt comfortable lending their trust to. These rules and many others were written down in articles that would be later signed or marked by crew members as they swore an oath to comply with the agreements. Unfortunately many of the original scripts were lost throughout time; others were destroyed by captured pirates in order to hide written evidence that could be used against them. Rarely recovered on different locations, code sets of rules have coincided variously. This supports the theory that the Pirate Code was a universal article and practiced among pirates. Below are some of the recovered acts and frequented among recovered documents:
• Every man shall obey civil Command; the Captain shall have one full share and a half in all Prizes; the Master, Carpenter, Boatswain and Gunner shall have one Share and quarter.
• If any man shall offer to run away, or keep any Secret from the Company, he shall be marroon’d with one Bottle of Powder, one Bottle of Water, one small Arm and shot.
• If any Many shall steel any Thing in the Company, or game, to the Value of a Piece of Eight, he shall be marroon’d or shot.
• If at any Time we should meet another Marrooner (that is Pyrate) that Man that shall sign his Articles without the Consent of our Company, shall suffer such Punishment as the Captain and Company shall think fit.
• That Man that shall strike another whilst these Articles are in force, shall receive Mose’s Law (that is 40 stripes lacking one) on the bare Back.
• That Man that shall snap his Arms, or smoak Tobacco in the Hold, without a cap to his Pipe, or carry a Candle lighted without a Lanthorn, shall suffer the same Punishment as in the former Article.
• That Man that shall not keep his Arms clean, fit for an Engagement, or neglect his Business, shall be cut off from his Share, and suffer such other Punishment as the Captain and the Company shall think fit.
• If any Man shall lose a Joint in time of an Engagement he shall have 400 pieces of Eight; if a limb 800. If at any time you meet with a prudent Woman, that Man that offers to meddle with her, without her Consent, shall suffer present Death.
Life at Sea By: PublicWiki http://www.piratesinfo.com/cpi_Life_at_Sea_559.asp
For a pirate or any sailor, life at sea could be a real challenge. The ship’s speed in the voyage will depend on the wind’s condition and its structure. Boredom often made an appearance, and for a pirate entertainment was crucial. Drinking never got old among pirates neither did gambling. Although this last one served as scenario for dispute among mates, wish often had to be solved or judged by the captain himself. Musicians were priceless in a pirate ship. Most musicians were captured by pirates in spite of their great value given such precious talent, that meant entertainment, wish meant less gambling and arguing and so on. Many of this men started as captured musicians and ended up as part of the crew.
Who’s Who Aboard Ship By: Cindy Vallar http://www.piratesinfo.com/cpi_Who’s_Who_Aboard_Ship_pirates_pirate_piracy_950.asp
Most pirates had previous experience as privateers or in the Royal Navy. Therefore each crewmember knew exactly how to operate a vessel. Democracy, playing such an important role in a pirate ship made its appearance in the dull core of it. Each member was a part of a council in wish every aspect of the ship was discussed and voted over. Equality played a major role given that not even the ship’s captain could stand over anyone of the crew, furthermore ; if the crew found the captain deficient or incapable of complying with any of his duties, the crew could vote him of and anyone could challenge the main post nominating himself as captain. Nominations, elections, votes; who would’ve thought democracy took piracy by the rinds? The democracy onboard a pirate ship was a sophisticated, well planned strategy to control order among crewmates imposing authority by the elected captain and at the same time satisfy everyone’s opinion as they were all heard and all counted for each decision.
Rewards of Piracy By: PublicWiki http://www.piratesinfo.com/cpi_Rewards_of_Piracy_556.asp
The first idea to come to mind when talked about a pirate’s treasure is a gold filled chest, precious stones an pearls, but in most cases a pirate’s treasure will simply mean his survival. Given the conditions in wish this men lived, any sort of accommodation will be considered precious. Picturing pirates as sea bums, it is evident articles like soap, food and clothes were among these craved possessions. Of course gold and silver could be found, but a man’s survival has more importance than any wealth imaginable, even for a “ blood thirsty pirate”.
Pirate Punishment By: PublicWiki http://www.piratesinfo.com/cpi_Pirate_Punishment_557.asp
When caught, a pirate faced the penalty of death imposed by the English government. The traditional slaughter was hanging by the neck until deceased. This wasn’t rare in the 18th century, this crude and barbaric practice was common between penalties. Being so amusing, a pirate’s hanging was not just a a process, but also a spectacle frequented by many. To serve as an example, pirates were hanged publicly daring those who considered joining the pirate life someday.
Genres:
Poem: “ The sea will hear my roar”
Bum, bum around the oar this shipwreck speaks to me. So tall it stands the skull and bones the fate of all deceived. So many turns this wooden peace has taken from the shore. For I as well have taken turns I’ve killed, I’ve laughed, I’ve robbed. Forgive me Father for I have sinned! this life took on abroad. If pirate am pirate shall be the sea will hear my roar. But Mother oh, don’t leave me now! For all your blessings I plea; Take hold of my sword, grab on to my gun let fear strike to thee. Unleash the sails, take hold of the wheel to the unknown we flee; May storms chase us, may lighting strike us we will not be received. For gold and glory we fear’d in harbor We’ve never seen retreat. If someone dared to threat this parlor my sword will bend his knees. Raise up your cup, drink all your rum for life is all there is; Good evening darling, you smell so pretty My cabin’s were you shall be. Hello, hello! Bloodsuckers, hi mate! all of you demonic seeds; Well gather ’round a toast I’ll pray for old times sake and these. Bum, bum around the oar this shipwreck speaks to me. Let heavens fall and burn in hell this path we chose to be. Bum,bum around the oar all raise our cups and drink. For all the bastards like you and me now sleeping in the sea.
Graphic/Chart: Rank Bartholomew Roberts George Lowther William Phillips Privateer (Sir William Monson) Royal Navy Per Month Captain 2 shares 2 shares 1½ shares 10 shares £8, 8s Master 1½ shares 1½ shares 1¼ shares 7 or 8 shares £4 Boatswain 1½ shares 1¼ shares 1¼ shares 5 shares £2 Gunner 1½ shares 1¼ shares 1¼ shares 5 shares £2 Quartermaster 2 shares 4 shares £1, 6s Carpenter 1¼ shares 5 shares £2 Mate 1¼ shares 5 shares £2, 2s Doctor 1¼ shares 5 shares £5 +2d per man aboard “Other Officers” 1¼ shares various rates various rates Able Seamen (2 yrs experience) Ordinary Seamen (some exp) 1 share 1 share 1 share 22s 19s 11s
Diary:
December 14, 1685
Dear diary:
I’ve lost my soul. Today I shot a man, I had never taken a life before. It was so fast, my hands were frozen, I had no other option as he pointed his gun straight at me. Why? Why did that stupid ship cross our ways? The worst thing of all is that I took that man’s life for nothing, for his ship was just as empty as my soul. I wanted to cry but I didn’t, not in front of the captain or the crew! They will think I’m just a scared little kid, at least now that I killed a man maybe I’ll get some respect ‘round here. Just a kid, I’ll show them! But I don’t want to kill no more, I don’t, I don’t. It will be Christmas in a couple days, it’ll be the first one away from home for me. I miss my mom and sister, I wish any letter I wrote the could get to them, if I could just find a way. It’s been a year since dad died, I broke my promise not to join a fleet, but I had no other choice, I need to help Sophie while mom takes care of her, she’s so sick. I wonder how long will pass until I see them, not long I hope. Would they be any different? Would I to them? Next month is my birthday, but I won’t tell anyone, no one will care. I guess I’ll find fourteen candles and blow them by myself.
Until then dear friend, William Stern- Deckhand, SS Widah
Epilogue:
Pirates have always been a part of my life. I remember the first time I saw the motion picture “ The Goonies” I immediately fell in love with the whole aspect of it. Doing this project has made me fall even more for them. The history of this remarkable people is something everyone should be instructed in. When it comes down to values, honor and courage, no one in history showed character like this people did. My advantage of doing this project was that I knew something about pirates already, actually I knew them quite well. I decided to choose the topic on the Pirate Code because I wanted my audience to transport themselves into a barbaric era were laws were still being created, and give credit to this men(mostly men, but women did participate in piracy). What amazed me the most about pirates were their ability to find reason among any circumstances. They were able to decide, orderly, how decisions were going to be made in the ship and they did it by vote. I mean, if the roots of democracy coming out of a ship full of ruthless indecent seamen are not amazing enough then what is? Another thing that amazes me the most about the topic is the interesting fact that many pirates came from service in the Royal Navy, in that way not only did they know their way aboard a ship, but they were the small percentage of educated pirates. This leaves open the possibility that the Code was designed by former navy sailors. This multi genre project served as a great deal to understanding in full hand the lives of pirates, especially when it came to their lives at sea. I always pictured them as bums, but facts like the ones I found give a very graphic description of what it meant to live at sea. I hope after this paper more people find interest in pirates, admire their courage and honor. For I will always be aware of history, and how this son’s of the sea wrote it day by day.


